Santa Claus :: essays research papers

Santa ClausOne of the most important imaginary figures on this earth, who hastouched the hearts and souls of galore(postnominal) children, is Saint Nicholas. St. Nick,better known as Santa Claus, is notorious for bringing gifts to children thatare in need. Known for having a huge belly and a gigantic heart, Santa Clausbrings hope to kids who are hopeless and smiles to those who have baffled theirs.While snuggled in their bed, desperately trying to catch a wink of sleep,children around the world await the arrival of St. Nick. Dressed in rubicund and witha jolly old smile, he manages to fulfill the dreams of kids throughout millionsof miles. Santa Claus brings a whole new meaning to the season of Christmas.Despite his buxom body and his notecase of goods, St. Nick succeeds infitting down various narrow types of chimneys. Quickly yet quietly, he sneaksin and out of houses, leaving scarce gifts, milk stains and cooky crumbs asevidence of his presence. And he sets off to the next h ome, hoping that a litfire place would not come to his surprise.The task of fulfilling the dreams of millions of children is not an easy unrivalled. It requires many trusted helpers. These helpers include parents,grandparents, brothers, sisters, and of course elves and reindeer. Reindeer playan important role in the scheme of things. Without the famous Dasher, Dancer,Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner, Blitzen or Rudolph, Santa would not haveany transportation. They go away faster than a speeding bullet, yet never seem tomiss a single home. Together, Santa, the elves, and the reindeer work to makethe Miracles of Christmas happen.St. Nick not only showers children with gifts, he also instills in themthat giving is far more important than receiving. By setting this example, thefeeling of Christmas becomes alive within each and every one of our hearts.Therefore, we are able to look at Christmas, through a whole new perspective.Santa Claus also gives children an escape from the harsh reality oftodays world. He gives kids something to believe in when there is nothingreally to look forward to. St. Nick actually is a savior for many kids who havehad to mature pass their age.The look on the childrens face, when they awake Christmas morn,fulfills not only their hearts but the people around them.

Womens Education in Mansfield Park Essays -- Mansfield Park Essays

Womens Education in Mansfield Park In Mansfield Park, Jane Austen presents three different kinds of formal education for women. Two of these have the last-ditch goal of marriage, while the third is, possibly, as close to a gentlemans education as a womans could be. Although there is some overlapping of these three types, each maven is, basically, embodied in one of the major female characters -- Maria Bertram, Mary Crawford, and Fanny Price -- to show the follies and the triumphs of each. Unlucky Marias education teaches her next to nothing, and Marys has no square substance below the b adept surface. The timid, mousy Fanny Price, however, may be partly in debt to her progressive education for the happiness that she earns at the end of the novel. In Austens world, a girls education was almost inseparable from her home life. What she learned and, consequently, her conduct, was often a reflection of what her household was like, and this is certainly true of Maria and Mary. Maria, brought up by a distant father, an indolent mother, and an indulgent aunt, doesnt learn until too late that selfish actions can bring disastrous consequences. (What is said for Maria in the motif of education is, of course, also true for Julia -- however, for the sake of brevity, and as Maria is the more prominent character of the two, she is the model of comparison in this essay.) Sir Thomas regrets his set down of his daughters moral education after Marias character is exposed He had meant them to be good, but his cares had been directed to the understanding and manners,... ... Fanny fares the best of the three characters discussed, by existence true to herself, and by being considerate of others. She receives what is due to her, as a classical hero does -- she is torn away from her rightful place as first sister, to be thrust into a lowly position where she must prove herself worthy before returning to her first home. The re, she finds things have changed for the worst, but helps set things right before riding away to a new life of domestic felicity. The way Fanny was brought up, her moral and formal education, are akin to tools and amulets carried by mythical heroes -- they may not always be obvious, but they are a source of strength and comfort in the heros times of need. Works Cited Austen, Jane. MansfieldPark. 1814. London Oxford University Press, 1966.

Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Essays

Euthanasia An acceptance of the practice of Voluntary Euthanasia is incompatible with the Christian belief in the Sanctity of Life but non with the attitudes of some ethical philosophers. Discuss. No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or debasing treatment or punishment.1 Imagine at the age of 40, you are diagnosed with Motor neurone disease, a fatal disease that causes degeneration of the motor neurones, which leads the wasting of muscles. You are intellectually sound but totally dependant on your spouse for physical support. You are aware of the fact that your death is imminent and will probably be painful, suffering from severe breathing problems and pneumonia before slipping into a coma. By the age of 42 you want to end your life, leaving your two children and spouse with to a greater extent pleasant memories of you, however, the courts will not allow you to end your life2. This was exactly the situation of Diane Pretty, the most recen t of euthanasia case in the media. However, she died on 12th whitethorn 2002 after losing her case. Euthanasia continues to be one of the most controversial subjects of the modern world. The word euthanasia literally means dying well and it originates from two Greek words, eu and thanatos. Euthanasia is specify as an action or omission which of itself or by intention causes death.3 A case where a patient specifically asks to die repeatedly and receives euthanasia, which is not a decision made by a doctor or the patients family or friends, is one of voluntary euthanasia. There are two types of voluntary euthanasia, nonoperational and active. Passive euthanasia is the omission or ter... ...n, mentioned by Ludovic Kennedy in his book Euthanasia - dying well 18 AS/A level Religious Studies exam revision notes - Philip Alan Updates - Sarah Tyler pageboy 134 19 Ethical theory page 60, Mel Thompson 20 Exodus 2013 21 Philosophy of religion and ethics (P hillip Allan Updates) 22 Oxford English Dictionary 23 Foundations of the metaphysics of morals, 1985, opening of the first section, from The puzzle of ethics, shit Vardy 24 AS/A level Religious Studies exam revision notes - Philip Alan Updates - Sarah Tyler page 138 25 Joseph Priestlys Essay on government as mentioned by Sarah Tyler in her book AS/A level Religious Studies exam revision notes - Philip Alan Updates page 128 26 Ethical theory page 82 - Mel Thomspon. 27 Ethical theory page 102, Mel Thompson

Enviromental Effects on Behavior Essay -- essays research papers

The level of genetic influences on a persons behavior is called the heritability of the behavior. Based on previous research cognition as measured by IQ scores is thought to be attributed mostly to genetic influences. However it has been suggested by several researchers that genetic influences are moderated by the environment a person grows up in. There have been several studies that have explored the effects of environmental effects on heritability. However these studies have been methodologically limited beca theatrical role they did not have a large enough sample size or they did not measure the zygosity of the twins they use. Other studies measured diversity in heritability across different birth cohorts. However these studies might have been influenced by the different circumstances that might have been present during the different magazine periods these people lived in.Some general reasons why there is a lack of evidence for the moderating effects of the environment is that the studies conducted so far did not use measures environmental variables to detect differences in the environm...

Abstinence :: essays papers

AbstinenceWith all the emphasis on the importance of using condoms and birth control to ensure safer sex, I feel an intelligent choice is universe overlooked. What is this choice? Well, it is sometimes looked at as old-fashion or not as a plausible decision. I feel, though, that it is very possible, and I am living check that it is. This decision that I ache made is pre-marital sexual abstinence.First of all, I want to say that I feel that people should be educated somewhat condoms and other forms of birth control. Being responsible enough to take those measures when dealing with sex is important in and outside marriage. Also, I would like to say that I am not looking down on anyone who chooses to engage in pre-marital sex. Many of my closest friends have chosen to have sex, and I have and forever will be there for them no matter what decisions they make. I can talk to them about sex and give advice knowing that their beliefs are not mine.So, wherefore have I made this decision? Well, the root of my decision is from my religion. I am a born-again Christian, and God tells us in the bible that it is wrong(p) to have sex outside of marriage. When I was in junior high, I made a lot of promises that I swore I wouldnt break. They included such(prenominal) things as not drinking and not having sex until I was married. Well, I managed to break most of those promises in high school, but I always have kept my promise of abstinence. It wasnt a decision that I made to be a good girl, it was a way of life. Every issue I saw that dealt with sex in high school made my decision even stronger. I was scared that me wanting to be a virgin would overhear a lot of sarcasm and jokes, but I instead received the exact opposite. Boys that found out would think it was wonderful and say such things as Youre the type of girl I want to marry One of my best friends wrote in my yearbook I will always admire you for your ability to say no in the most intense, heat of the moment. Always stick to what you believe.

Abstinence :: essays papers

AbstinenceWith all the emphasis on the importance of using condoms and birth control to ensure safer sex, I feel an intelligent choice is being overlooked. What is this choice? Well, it is sometimes looked at as old-fashion or not as a plausible decision. I feel, though, that it is very(prenominal) possible, and I am living proof that it is. This decision that I have made is pre-marital sexual abstinence.First of all, I want to say that I feel that people should be educated about condoms and other forms of birth control. Being responsible enough to take those measures when dealing with sex is important in and remote marriage. Also, I would like to say that I am not looking down on anyone who chooses to engage in pre-marital sex. Many of my closest friends have chosen to have sex, and I have and always will be there for them no matter what decisions they make. I can talk to them about sex and sacrifice advice knowing that their beliefs are not mine.So, why have I made thi s decision? Well, the root of my decision is from my religion. I am a born-again Christian, and theology tells us in the bible that it is wrong to have sex outside of marriage. When I was in junior luxuriously, I made a lot of promises that I swore I wouldnt break. They included such things as not drinking and not having sex until I was married. Well, I managed to break most of those promises in high school, but I always have kept my promise of abstinence. It wasnt a decision that I made to be a good girl, it was a way of life. Every issue I saw that dealt with sex in high school made my decision even stronger. I was scared that me missing to be a virgin would receive a lot of sarcasm and jokes, but I instead received the exact opposite. Boys that found out would remember it was wonderful and say such things as Youre the type of girl I want to marry One of my best friends wrote in my yearbook I will always admire you for your ability to say no in the most intense, heat of the moment. Always stick to what you believe.

Fast food and health promotion Essay

Abstract Healthy take in is a major concern of the public and has been under-researched for decades. A advantageful well-grounded ingest campaign can help to raise aw arness and in the long run, prevent and minimize long-term diseases such as high p atomic number 18ntage pressure, heart disease and crabby person. This can overly reduce the burden on the National Health Ser guilt. For each(prenominal) of these reasons, this dissertation aims to determine what raft eat, why they run down to eat the way they do and whether they feel the government has done enough to nurture believeing(a) ingest.Initially, this study find outs the trends of contemporary nutrient culture by sociologists and the merchandising precedents of onward motion to accession student awargonness on legal create. A discussion on Government policies indicates the efficacy of the Government to reach students with their firm ingest promotion in this country. This study utilizations qualitative research methods to determine the awareness of the students, on firm eating and their opinions on the Governments attempt to promote a healthy nation. Based on the data ga on that pointd in this research, an evaluation was made on whether healthy eating promotion is force outive in todays student society.In this study, student choices of fodder were shown to be primarily affected by price, taste and peer pressure. This is in contrast with the visible(prenominal) literature which suggests that brotherly class, culture, the forage industries and Government campaigns are the main influences on plentys eating habits. Introduction This dissertation aims to ascertain how intellectual nourishment is promoted and necessitated by the public. Our choices of fare are affected by many factors such as our social class, our culture, and the media and Government campaigns.Over the medieval thirty years a haste of interest has arisen and an increase in the aspiration of fast regim en. However, more(prenominal) than recently health concerns regarding fast fodder consumption has surfaced. Sociologists often seek explanations for human conduct and try to link this with the environment in which they live in. Similarly, sociologists such as Alan Warde sop up examined contemporary solid feed culture and suggested reasons that influence peoples choice. Initially, changes in aliment consumption patterns and healthy eating promotions from different dimensions were examined.The 2006 The International journal of urban Labour and empty 1 dissertation then describes the interviews that were conducted with regards to healthy eating. just about key findings were revealed to support the sociological theories. Finally, the discussion sums up and reflects the findings in semblance to these theories and see if there is any correlation between the both. This research was under taken at a University and based on ten one-to-one interviews. It is important to examine wh ether we are eating healthily. victuals is the basic necessity in life humans consume daily.In this dissertation I want to explore students make outledge on healthy eating and whether the Government is doing enough to promote a healthier nation. Sociological Promotion. Perspectives on Food Consumption and Healthy Eating Current Trends in Food Consumption Food consumption relates to the substances that are taken in to produce energy, stimulate growth and maintain life. It consists of essential body nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, voluptuouss and vitamins or minerals. Healthy intellectual nourishment is considered to be highly adept to health, especially a intellectual nourishment grown organically or forego of additives.Food consumption has tilted towards fast food culture over the past few decades due to its price, convenience and the shortage of eating beat. In this section, general consumption trends will be studied and the change of consumer culture over time will be discussed. Sociologists like Bourdieu and Bauman confound written literature and devised their own theories on the consumption of food. Many of them believe that this is a structureagency debate. In other words, how social structure shapes our actions and how we, in deal, shape the social structure (Germov, 1999302).One of the examples given by Pierre Bourdieu is that the way we consume food reflected our social class and minimise (Warde, 19979). He argued that consumption is based upon cultural upbringing and is therefore socially embedded. Bauman, on the other hand, saw consumption as less restricted sooner than another part of life (Warde, 199710). In reality, Bauman claimed that there is a small role for choices, for example, we cannot choose to be born into which family, scarcely within consumption, we have got more power to alter our choices.Bauman believed that individuals are thought to in stages detach themselves from the social regulations and create their ow n personal identity by making their own choices. These dickens theories differ in relation to social environment and habits, to immunity of choice on the consumption of food. Bourdieus theory is more commonly practiced in modern society as different social classes dominate our choice of food. The working(a) class tends to eat food which has a high come of physical fat, compared with the middle and upper classes (Mennell, 199254).Besides, people from poorer backgrounds whitethorn understand that rattling food is healthier however, they could not afford to travel further to purchase fresh food (Whelan, 2002 2083). at that placefore they tended to purchase cheap quality food with a high fat content, from nearby shops. 2006 The International Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure 2 There have been rapid changes in food consumption over the past few decades. Alan Warde, in his book, Consumption, Food & Taste suggested four theses for the changes in eating habits. Firstly, people hav e more freedom on the choice of food, but are uncertain of what to eat.In modern society, we have a wider site of food available to us. As technology is constantly improving, we are no longer restricted by the seasons and harvests, which had affected people previously (Beard deserving, 200033). However, Claude Fischler saw this as an omnivores paradox (Warde, 199730). Human beings want a variety to choose from however, they feel anxious and unsure about trying stark naked foodstuffs. This can be further explained by the changing concept of food beggary. In the past, food poverty was referred to as lack of food, under- nutrition (Adams, 200048).In the contemporary society, food poverty means overabundance of processed foods, lack of balance diet (Adams, 200048). Before, we experienced under nutrition, and now, we suffer from an unbalanced diet. Although we may have more food than before, we do not know what to choose. This reflects the lack of education in healthy eating. The sec ond thesis suggested that in a mass producing society, people would consume similar products and gradually lose their identities. Individual producers tend to dominate specific industrial markets, for example big brands like McDonalds and Coca-Cola target customers en mass.Mass food take can be explained by McDonaldisation, where customers experience the same look, same service, same products and same taste (Germov, 199912). This thesis is supported by a report by the Financial Times Exporter in 1995 (Adams, 200247). In the report, sixty-five share of people in China recognized the brand name Coca Cola and roughly half of the people knew big brands like Pepsi. This concluded that large corporations mould our taste and have outstanding control over our choice of food. One may argue that supermarkets bring a wider selection to people.In fact, virtually of the varieties are created by developing alternative forms of packaging and storing methods, such as canned fish, rimed fish and fresh fish (Warde, 1997167). Therefore, we will enjoy many versions of the same products. In a broader view of the food industry, the five largest supermarkets in the UK, dominates seventy percent of the grocery market. (Adams, 200247) This large market share led to the closure of many local stores. Single mothers or elderly people who live in agrestic areas will suffer a further limitation of food due to the restriction on mobility and financial support (Whelan, 20022083).Since mass production has moulded our tastes and choices, consumers start losing their personal taste and identities. To react against this passive consuming pattern, people are driven towards the post-Fordist view on consumption, which is the main focus of the third thesis. In the post-Fordist world, all commodities are expected to be more consumer-orientated. As the consumers expenditure increases, they expect the quality of food to be high. People require greater differentiation of the commodities in diff erent markets.For example, McDonalds serves a different menu across the world to accommodate differing cultures with distinct tastes. This is illustrated by McDonald franchises in Germany, whom also serve beer as refreshment. Customers hope to pervert food that serves their interests and their local traditions. Businesses increase their profits and the consuming power by produce the right products for the targeted consumers. A more suitable product for the customers, equates to more purchases which in turn equates to more income. 2006 The International Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure 3.The final thesis describes the persistence of social differentiation. Warde uses Bourdieus theory to prove that food consumption is a means of expressing distinction and has social meanings behind it. For example, class differences play a role in dictating eating habits. In this way, food consumption has more social meanings than a consume-to-survive model. In comparing the eating behaviour of m anual workers and white collar workers, Bourdieu observed that clerical staff paid more attention to body maintenance and slimness whilst manual workers, paid limited attention to their waistline.This observation is seen in France. In Britain, Warde suggested that class distinction in relation to food has been more obvious in recent decades. Finkelstein supports this idea by saying that dinning out is an expression of individuality, choice, spontaneity and that we select restaurants for food and price in ways which demonstrate our discrimination and what we value and desire (Beardsworth, 1997119). The interest of the media, increasing eating-out habits and foreign cuisines are becoming more common, food consumption has made a significant distinction between classes.There is a clear line between the richer and the poorer, and who can afford to taste different types of food. These theses have helped us to understand the reasons behind changes in food consumption. spry food outlets ar e one of the popular choices for dinning out and have had a big impact on our food consumption. In the pursual paragraph, the significant effects that fast food has on our choices of diet will be examined. A Fast Food Nation? Fast food culture has penetrated into our lives and influenced our eating habits. The fast food industry grew fast in the 1990s.In 1991, fast food had reached nineteen percent of the global consumer cater market (Tansey, 1995 133). From 1992 to 2003, expenditure spent on eating and drinking outside home has increased by 89. 9 per cent. (Website 1) These food shops provide roast chicken, pizza, etcetera However, there is a limited choice of food and most of them have a high fat content (Millstein, 1993 220). Excessive consumption predisposes individuals to a great deal of health problems in later life. Foods high in fats can safari high blood pressures, cancer, atherosclerosis and heart disease.In recent years, the increase in consciousness of healthy eating has forced the fast food chains to change their menu in order to survive. For example, McDonalds now offers a new menu which includes green salad, carrot sticks and a fresh fruit pack. This was done in response to public concern about the nutritional values of its food, following the film Supersize Me. This programme follows Morgan Spurlock who lived on nothing but McDonalds for an entire month. Spurlock risked his health the sake of this project and it resulted in numerous visits to the doctor. (Website 2) Increasingly, fast food chains have started to advertisewith the concept of light or low fat meals. As a customer, we are often misled by these statements and believe that the low fat meal is a healthier option. The Times Newspaper compared the fat content and the price of a standard burger with a chicken caesar salad. (Website 3) With regards to the price, the salad costs twenty nine pence more than a Big Mac. Data shows that a chicken salad with dressing and croutons contains 21. 4g of fat, whereas a standard burger only contains 7. 7g of fat. Even adding a portion of chips to the burger will result in a smaller amount of fat (16. 7g) than the salad.(Website 3) One may think that the salad dressing causes the high fat content of the salad however, this is not true. 2006 The International Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure 4 From the McDonalds website, a chicken caesar salad without a dressing still contains more fat than a burger. (Website 4) Another shocking data is the common flavour content of the crispy chicken ranch salad is more than half of the Governments recommended daily provideance of 6g. (Website 4) Therefore, the salad which seems like a healthier option to the consumer is in fact more expensive and less healthy than a burger.Other than fast food chains, consumers can purchase fast food from the supermarkets. Ready meals, icy or canned food can be categorized as fast food (Millstone, 2003 94). With the invention of the microwave, rea ch meal culture has been further developed. There was a rapid increase in the sale of microwaves from five million in 1981 to seventy million in 2000 (Milldstone, 2003 94). Microwaves enable food to be necessitatey within minutes whereas it may take at least half an hour to cook a meal using the oven. In 1997, an Australian publisher demonstrated how different social classes chose different fast foods (Germov, 1999 137).Wealthier and well educated people believed that choosing takeaway foods such as Thai and Japanese are higher in nutrition (Germov, 1999 137). On the other hand, people in the lower socioeconomic state tended to consume food with a high fat and salt content, for example, pizzas and burgers. Therefore, we could find nutritional underclass with distinct eating patterns (Germov, 1999 137). Nutritional underclass refers to the difficulty of lower socioeconomic groups in making choices about food and diet. This is turn leads to a poor nutritional intake.By comparing dif ferent consumption patterns of takeaway food between people in different classes, two features have been developed. Firstly, fast food is consumed and well developed in all classes but wealthier people tend to have more choices available to them. Besides, most fast food does not provide the consumer with balanced nutritional values that we need from a meal. That is a reason why the public grade fast food as unhealthy food. Our food consumption patterns are affected by different media in our society.These are a powerful way of educating the public with the knowledge of what is healthy to eat and how to eat healthy. The following paragraphs examine the effectiveness of the healthy eating promotions. Health Promotion (By Government, Media, Food Industries). Different groups have tried to promote healthy eating in their own distinct ways. Several groups take control over our choices of food and actively promote healthy eating. These include the Government departments, the food industri es and the media. The progress and the effectiveness of the healthy eating promotion campaigns within these sectors will now be examined.The Governments the dominant enforcement body has introduced many healthy eating promotion initiatives to push the nation to eat more healthily. Its aim is to enforce regulations on food production in a bid to prevent illness (Mennell, 199240), so as to reduce the costs and burden on National Health Service. The Government has come a long way on the healthy eating campaign. The emergence that some of 2006 The International Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure 5 our diets are responsible for certain diseases such as cancer, new food policies were created to improve and promote healthy eating (Baggott 2000,168).From the early 1970s onwards, the Government became more aware of the publics diet and set up some(prenominal) organizations such as the Committee on the Medical Aspects of Food and Policy (COMA), the National consultatory Committee on Nutrit ion Education (NACNE) and the Joint Advisory Committee on Nutrition Education. (Baggott, 2000136) Their mission was to provide nutritional advice to the public and promote healthy eating. (Beardsworth, 2000136) However, the Government departments interference with the work of these organisations resulted in little success being achieved (Baggott 2000170).With the increasing public interest in health and food safety in the 1990s, the Labour Government introduced tougher policies on food and health when they came to power in 1997 (Baggott, 2000175). The Food Standards Agency (FSA) has been authorized a new set of powers to give nutrition guidelines and labelling advice. The FSA recommended six grams of salt per day and wanted to introduce the colourcoded formation on ready-made foods, so customers could identify the fat, salt and sugar content of the food by the labels.The FSA believes that specific seasoning contained within the food, will determine whether it is healthy or not. Foo d with a low salt, fat and sugar content is considered to be healthy by the FSA. (Website 5) The colour-coded system will show consistency for all food packaging therefore, it is easier for everyone, including children, to recognize the foods which are considered to be healthy and also reduces any confusion. In February 2004, the National Health Service (NHS) published a free booklet called Five a Day Made Easy to promote a healthier lifestyle.(Website 1) It believes that eating five portions of fruit or vegetable per day, is eating healthily. Therefore, the Government considers fruit and vegetables as the key element of healthy food. In November 2004, the FSA put forward the traffic light labels to the Public Health White Paper. (Website 7) However, there are a lot of pressures around this recommendation. The food and farming industries were worried that full labelling indicating the fat, sugar and salt content will increase their cost and cause restriction on their marketing strat egies.(Baggott 2000171) Moreover, the Food and Drink Federation (FDF) who is the largest representative of the food and drink manufacturing companies pointed out that the traffic light labels are too simplistic, inseparable and potentially misleading. (Website 8) Rather than help consumers fit the labelled food into a balanced diet, it is likely that they will simply view the food as good or dismiss it as bad. There are pressures that prohibit the Government from implying more regulation on food labels.Since the closure of food industries do not simply lead to less food choices, but also a great deal of job losses and plunging of the economy, the Government is required to think carefully about the implications of new regulations and whether the new comprehensive food label would working on not. The media also plays an important role in promoting healthy eating concepts. The term media refers to television, radio, poster advertisements, and newspaper and magazine articles. With the medias wide spread of power, the issues they brought up helped to give information on diets quickly.However, it is debatable whether all the media are straightforward and helpful in improving our diets. Since most of the media 2006 The International Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure 6 relied on the advertising revenues to survive, concerns are made to the effect of their advertisers (Tansey, 1995183). In the advertising aspect, American children watch 20,000 commercials a year where at least 10,000 of them are food products. (Millstein 1993219) In Britain, food industries have spent forty billion every year on advertising (Millstone, 2003 98).Food advertisements are wide spread on television, magazines, radio, internet and posters on the street. Most of the advertised products are branded and processed. More importantly, compared with the perishable food, they are high in sugars, refined starches, fats and added salt (Millstone, 200398). These advertisements persuade consumers t o buy more. Food products such as chocolates and crisps are promoted to the teen market (Conner, 2002120). Children consume the confectionaries between meal times which lead them to miss out their meals, consequently, not acquiring enough nutrition (Dobson, 199419).The effects of advertisements are powerful, but not always helping to promote healthy eating ideas. Media can be a direct tool to help the public understand the scientific reports and learn about food safety and what is healthy to eat. However, sometimes the headlines of the news reports are misleading and exaggerated. One of examples is the headline from New York Times Low fat diet does not cut health risks, where that heading is referring to a study of women aged fifty to seventy-nine years old with respect to breast cancer research (Newsweek, March 2006).People who do not read the details will presume that low fat diet is useless in maintaining health, whereas if you read the whole article one will find out that low f at diet does not reduce your risk of breast cancer. The media penetrates every home plate and although it might not always guide the public on healthy foods, they are definitely helping to shape the future food consumption patterns. Food industries and the retailers produce and sell the food. Food industries promote their products in a healthy manner only because of the markets need.The major concern of a food business is to make profit. There is a limit on how much a person can eat and consume, therefore the overall demand for food will not increase much. However, the food industries can further expand their market and make more profit by adding value to fresh food and turning them into commodity goods such as canned food, frozen food etc (Warde, 1997191). Food processors have a set of ingredients to add-value, they are sugar, starch, fat and flavourings (Tansey, 1995111). Consequently, processed food is not as healthy as raw food.In order to fulfil the customers health desires, s upermarkets use healthy eating as one of their promotional strategies. Tesco has improved their company image by initiating healthy eating and has launched food labels on its retail products (Murcott, 1998119). Although its original aim was to increase profit, it did arouse peoples attentions to eat healthier. On one hand, the supermarkets are promoting healthy eating on the other hand, they develop all sort of processed food such as chilled and ready meals at the same time to exploit another market. Most supermarkets have developed their own branded products.This is to enlarge their market share sooner than providing customers with a wider choice. One of the examples is chilled ready-meals where this kind of product was completely new in 1980s (Murcott, 1998119). Marks and Spencer, as a pioneer, developed this market. By the 1990s, this market was worth over three hundred million pounds per annum 2006 The International Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure 7 (Murcott, 1998119). Thes e ready-meals are one of the processed foods with added salt and sugar. With enigmatic food labels on the packaging, consumers can hardly calculate how much salt they consume.Since the central aim of food manufacturers and retailers are to make profit, their intention to promote healthy eating is not convincing enough. There is still a baffling question of what to eat is value for money and good for health (Jenkins, 1991 54). Do We take aim a Choice to Eat Healthy? Although we are responsible for looking after our own health, the public, private and voluntary sectors have directed our choice of food. Our choices of food are affected by social, cultural and political factors rather than individuals preference. Social factors included class, age, family backgrounds considerations.The direct social-economical restriction of our choice of food is the amount of money we have available to spend on food. Jenkins supports this idea by noting that knowledge is a source of consumer power, b ut only when you have got money to spend (Jenkins, 199172). Our choices of food are based on the amount of wealth. He pointed out that poorer people tended to pay more for food. This is not only due to the limitation of transport, but due to the amount of product they could afford to buy (Jenkins, 1991 74). Small purchases are more expensive compare with bulk sales. Poor people suffer from the consequences of supermarket sale strategy.For example, the price for two packs of chicken thighs is 148 pence per pound, whilst the price for eight packs of chicken thighs is 135 pence per pound (Jenkins, 199173). Customers will get a better deal if they buy products in bulk. This illustrates that poor people know how to eat healthily, but they cannot afford to do so. Other than getting food that is not value for money, poor people suffer the fact that they know what is good for them but cannot afford to purchase it. For poor people, food expenditure is elastic and paying for other bills to ma intain the living is more important (Murcott, 1998177). stinger the food budget is the most direct way to save money. Therefore, even though parents know that fresh juice is more nutritional than squash, they can do nothing about it. At the end of the day, even if the government has successfully promoted the healthy eating concept to the public, certain people still do not eat healthily due to the financial constraints. Different age groups have various food consumption patterns. The elderly prefer to stick with the traditional food for instance roast meat, whereas young people adopt new things such as rice or curries easily (Murcott, 1998175).There is a rapid outgrowth of convenience food, but it does not necessarily mean that people in all age groups enjoy more choices to eat healthy. The elderly is an example that demonstrates a negative perception on fast food and ready-meals and they believe that home-cooked food is healthier. Therefore, a larger range of processed products do not mean a greater choice of food for everyone. Our eating habits are also constructed by the environment in which we grow up. Therefore, our families have a direct effect on our diet.A research was carried out in the early 1980s, on all major aspects of family food provision and consumption (Rodmell, 198673). This study found that the role of the homemaker did not 2006 The International Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure 8 automatically give you the power to make a decision of what to prepare for meals. Surprisingly, most housewives claimed that they would cook whatever their husbands liked, in order to please them. Some wives claimed that even though they did not like the unhealthy diets, they would still cook it for their husbands to reward them for a long working day.As a child, there was less choice they had to eat what was given to them. As a result, our tastes of food are customized by the working men. Recently, with the increasing number of single parent households, wher e many of them are either unemployed or earn a small amount of money, the choice of food remains to the individuals who purchase food for the rest of the family. Cultural differences affect our choices of food and whether we know how to eat healthily with our ethnicity backgrounds and traditions.There is a diversity of health implications and how people define healthy choices among different cultures. People have their own traditions in choosing and cooking food. One size fits all health education programmes do not fit all the ethnics. One of the examples is that in Chinese traditions, food is divided in to yang (hot) and yin (cold), where eating yang food when our body is in yins condition and vice versa (Germov, 1999150). Therefore, the health professionals have to study the background of minority groups and teach them to eat healthily without spoiling their culture.To familiarise the ethnic minority groups with the nutrient value, specialists about particular cultures are require d to educate the minority group with healthy eating knowledge. There have been a few changes in food labelling policy, but these regulations have never requested manufacturers to provide a comprehensive nutrition label. As a customer, we have the right to know what kind of ingredients are in the processed food that we are consuming. However, food industries remain powerful and can keep the customers in ignorance.The Health Education Authority performed a survey with regards to food labels in the early 1990s (Hea, 199619). In this survey, twenty five percent of the informants have never read the nutritional information on food packages. This shows that the food label is important in directing food choices, as three quarters of those questioned follow guidance from the nutritional advice. Therefore, providing a comprehensive label on food packaging is essential. In recent years, a great deal of new products has had dishonest slogans on them, such as low fat, freshly squeezed, and no a rtificial additives (Jenkins, 199143). For example, olestra is a type of oil used to produce low fat products.However, it brings significant side effects such as abdominal cramps when we consume it in large amounts (Germov, 1999303). As a customer, reading the food label is not sufficient to conclude whether a particular product is healthy or not, we have to under the meaning behind these low fat products. In a food market where food labels are not universal and some of the packaging is misleading, there is no way to ensure that the product we choose is healthy.Knowing what is healthy is not good enough for the contemporary food market, consumers also have to learn and understanding the meanings behind the food labels. Therefore, understanding how to eat healthily is important, but regulations on food labels are also essential. 2006 The International Journal of Urban Labour and Leisure 9 Methodology. Research Aim There are a few aims for this research. This study aims to explore pe rceptions on the healthy eating concept and review the reasons behind peoples choice of food.Furthermore, it seeks to examine awareness of Government policies on healthy eating promotion. It is also important to examine the reliability of food labels and the popularity of fast food culture. Semi-structured Interviews. It is important to see if there is a correlation between the literatures in chapter one and the research I do, therefore, selecting an curb way to carry out this research is essential. Semi-structured interviews were held on a one-to-one basis where interviewees were given a few topics to discuss. This interview consisted of three main parts. vary A is concerned about the interviewees healthy eating concepts and their view of contemporary eating culture. By understanding how they defined a healthy diet, participants were asked to review their food consumption habits, restrictions on food shopping and their opinion on fast food culture. In the final of the interview, I enquired about their knowledge on Government policies and supermarket promotions on healthy eating. This research aimed to understand peoples view and opinion rather than to test their knowledge and numerical data. Therefore, it is more suitable to use a qualitative approach.Qualitative research helps to develop interviewees personal opinions and experiences for this research. The research is based on one-to-one semi structured interviews, which allows me to have more freedom in developing the interview and pursue further questions in response to the replies received (Bryman, 2004543). Each interview lasted approximately an hour in order to allow interviewees to express themselves fully. In order not to interfere with the interview, I did not express my opinions on the topics. I guided the discussions with the same topic questions for everyone.

A Research Proposal on the Role of the Chief Executive Officer Essay

QuestionsOne of the major problems in business is the notion of whether companies should be concerned with other issues than profitability. Adam Smith in 1863 claimed that the process of achieving the overall easily for the society is something that will happen inevitably happen because of his idea of the invisible hand of the market. However, more contemporaneous ideas assert otherwise as they believed that there argon a number of conditions that would hinder the invisible hand to work effectively (Mohr and Webb, 2002).The concept of incarnate sociable righteousness (CSR) is deeply rooted on the commission of organizations to continue their business in an ethical style. It is in this respect that organizations atomic number 18 said to necessarily contribute to the overall economic development of ones country while at the same time improving the quality of life of not yet its employees and its families but in any case the society where it belonged (Watts and Holme, 1999).On e of the of import concerns with regard to the necessity of the implementation of CSR by a incident organization is the impact of a particular companys decisions and actions within the society unitedly with their responsibility in the aforementioned. As such this means that when aligning received organizational goals or projects, it would be better if organizations will evaluate first their actions and stain sure that they are in accordance to the welfare of the greater good (Parsons, 1954).As such, the impact of an organizations decision within the society is very(prenominal) decisive in CSR. It should be emphasized as well that an organizations duty should span more than the economic and legal aspects but also assume the good of the majority. Archie Carroll said that an organizations social responsibility is something that includes the interplay of four important factors. These are economic performance, adherence with the law, ethical responsibility, good somatic citizensh ip, and improving the societys quality of life (Carrol and Buchholtz, 2003).However despite companies claim for CSR implementation, a significant number of evidence tells that every year, there are numerous companies that are charged for violating milieual laws (Kassinis and Panayiotou, 2006, p. 68).ProblemsThe success of a companys CSR and the its effect on the companys range has been surveyed by a number of studies to be directly correlated on the component part of the Chief Executive Officer ( chief executive officer) (PR News, 2007). It has been said by Kassinis and Panayiotou (2006) that the role of the CEO is very vital since they are the ones who are primarily responsible for the boards decision-management functions and the even the extent of corporate wrongdoing.The interpretation of the CEO in legal injury of various environmental issues that could have affect their firms and its choice of environmental strategies have also a significant implication on the overall imag e and performance of a particular company. Studies such as those conducted by PR News Wire in 2008 claimed that to belong to Fortunes Worlds Most Admired Companies, the CEOs role together with his or her capacity to create a system or hire specific experts who can effectively handle CSR concerns, such as hiring a competitive Chief Communications Officer (CCO,) is very vital.Companies which belong to Fortunes annual awards are frequently evaluated found on their reputation. According to PR News in 2007, it is often the case that CEOs are the ones who are held accoun submit in terms of the failure to protect the company image in whenever a crisis arises. The study of PR News revealed that in out of 950 global business executives in 11 countries, 68% of the results attributed unethical behavior to the CEO, and 60% cited environmental violations and product recalls to the CEO as well.The influence of the perceptions of various stakeholders, regulators, communities and employees has b een viewed by Kassinis and Panayiotou (2006) as critical to the welfare of the firm as they are centrally involve in enforcing the laws and other policies that companies must adhere to.Figure 1 Relationship Between CSR and StakeholdersSource Tokoro (2007)The figure above shows the direct relationship of stakeholders to CSR in terms of the restrictions that they impose, the resource deals that they pass and the overall measure creation of the organization.Gap in ResearchEven if the claim on the role of CEOs in terms of dealing with issues of CSR and company reputation, other studies suggests that CSR strategies and policies are instead delegated to the shareholders (Kassinis and Panayiotou, 2006, p. 67). It is often the case that the demands of the shareholders are oftentimes in conflict with the interest of customers, suppliers, governments, unions, competitors, local communities, and the general unrestricted (Sims, 2003, p. 40). The table below shows an overview of perceptions ofTable 1 Stakeholders View of Corporate ResponsibilityStakeholders Nature of Stakeholder ClaimShareholders Participation in distribution of profits, additional stock offerings, assets on colony vote of stock inspection of company books transfer of stock election of board of directors and such additional rights as have been open up in the tighten with the corporation.Employees Economic, social, and psychological satisfaction in the place of employment. Freedom from arbitrary and capricious behavior on the part of company officials. Share in fringe benefits, emancipation to join union and participate in collective bargaining, individual freedom in offering up their services through an employment contract. Adequate works conditions.Customers Service leadd with the product technical information to use the product suitable warranties spare parts to support the product during use R&D principal to product improvement facilitation of credit. Creditors Legal proportion of interest pa yments due and return of principal from the investment. Security of pledged assets relative priority in event of liquidation. prudence and owner prerogatives if certain conditions exist with the company (such as default of interest payments).Suppliers Continuing source of business timely consummation of trade credit obligations nonrecreational relationship in contracting for, purchasing, and receiving goods and services. Unions Recognition as the negotiating agent for employees. Opportunity to perpetuate the union as a participant in the business organization.Competitors notice of the norms of competitive conduct established by society and the sedulousness. Business statesmanship on the part of peers.Governments Taxes (income, property, and so on) adherence to the letter and intent of public indemnity dealing with the requirements of fair and free competition discharge of legal obligations of businesspeople (and business organizations) adherence to antitrust laws.Local communit ies Place of productive and healthful environment in the community. Participation of company officials in community affairs, provision of regular employment, fair play, reasonable portion of purchases made in the local community, interest in and support of local government, support of cultural and charitable projects.The general public Participation in and contribution to society as a whole seminal communications between governmental and business units designed for reciprocal understanding assumption of fair proportion of the burden of government and society. Fair price for products and publicity of the state-of-the-art technology that the product line involves.Source Sims, 2003, p. 41For instance, consumers expect that the company should be able to carry out their business in a responsible way on the other hand, stakeholders expect that their investments would be returned. In other instances, customers are looking forward a return on what they paying for, while suppliers look fo r dependable buyers. The government wanted companies to follow legislations, while unions seek benefits for their members.The competitors, evaluate companies to do their business in a fair manner and local communities wanted the aforementioned to be responsible citizens. Finally, the general public expects organizations to improve the over all quality of human life, while shareholders might view this proposition as utopian (Sims, 2003). The figure below shows the dynamics of stakeholder interactions.Figure 2 Value Creation Through Dialogue with StakeholdersSource Tokoro (2007)As such, it is in this respect that it could be said that CEOs and a particular companys responsiveness to the demands of CSR and eventually creating a strong image is something could not be the repair determining factor for a fortunate CSR. Instead, the question of whether CEOs are only implementing the demands of the companys stakeholders, or the CEOs only attending to consumer, suppliers, government, commu nity and general public demand should also be taken into belt up consideration.DeficiencyAs to the highest degree interrogationes often attribute the success or failure of a CSR strategy to the CEO, the role and influence of other stakeholders in the organization are not often viewed as significant variables worthy of consideration. Only most recent look intoes are significantly attributing stakeholder roles in terms of its relationship to CSR. Albeit, based from the researchers survey of various petty(a) data, there are hardly any heavy-armed literatures stating the influence of stakeholders to the CEO and eventually the latters decision on how to implement its CSR course.PurposeThe study is vital in rate to not only contribute to the existing studies on the role of CEOs and a successful CSR program but also to further strengthen the claim on the relationship of CSR and a favorable company image. More importantly, subtle factors that might have influenced CEO decisions, st rategies and policies such as those coming from company stakeholders will be taken into close consideration and in addition, will be taken as important variables for the research. Although studies on the direct relationship of company stakeholders and CSR and presented by various researches, the role of the stakeholders in terms of influencing the CEO in its CSR decisions are seldom taken into consideration. As such it is with this respect that the research seeks to significantly contribute to the scholarly studies devoted in order to analyze such dynamics.Research QuestionsMain QuestionFor the purpose of this research, the study wanted to know What is the role of the CEO in terms of promoting the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs of their organization and its relation to building a favorable image?SubquestionsSpecifically, the research wanted to know1. What is the relationship between a successful CSR program and the role of the CEO?2. What is the relationship between a successful CSR program and a favorable brand image?3. What is the role of the following in terms of influencing the CSR strategies of a particular organizationa. Shareholdersb. Consumersc. Suppliersd. General Public4. How did company shareholders, consumers, suppliers and the general public influence the strategy of the CEO in terms of implementing its CSR program?MethodologyResearch TraditionFor the purpose of this research, the study will be employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods. It is often the case that quantitative research employs the method that is based on testing of theories. It uses measurement of numbers, and statistical analysis to perform its studies. The idea behind quantitative research is often to ascertain that a generalized theory or the prediction of a theory will be confirmed by the use of numbers. The aforementioned normally starts with a research question or a hypothesis in addition to other theories that are needed to be tested.The app roach of quantitative research includes the use of courtly and generally recognized instruments (Obrien 1998). In addition to this, the quantitative tradition of research focuses on conducting experiments with an underlying expectation that a consensus would be posed at. This method usually aims to arrive at a predictable generalization, and a causal explanation. Quantitative research can create a controlled environment in order to attain inductive analysis.The goal of this research tradition is to establish a consensus by reducing data to numerical indications, hence finally identifying if certain generalizations are valid or invalid (Obrien 1998). In this research method it is very relevant that the researcher must maintain its independence from the research object and consequently, the research outcome is expected to be not value affected (Obrien 1998). The quantitative methodology also tests cause and effect by utilize deductive logic. When done correctly a quantitative rese arch should be able to predict, and explain the theory in question (Obrien 1998).On the other hand, the Qualitative research focuses primarily on oral communication rather than numbers. The main research instrument for such a type of tradition is the process of involvement of the researcher to the people whom he or she studies (Dyamon and Holloway, 2002). In relation with this, the viewpoints of the participants are also taken into much account. The Qualitative research tradition focuses on small-scale studies wherein deep explorations are being conducted in order to provide a detailed and holistic description and explanation of a specific subject matter. Rather than focusing on a single or two isolated variables, the aforementioned takes into account interconnected activities, experiences, beliefs and values of people, hence adopting a multiple dimension for study.This tradition of research is also flexible in a sense that certain factors are being explored due to not necessarily adhering to a strict method of data gathering. It also captures certain processes wherein changes in sequence of events, behaviors and transformation among cultures are closely taken into consideration. More importantly, a qualitative research is normally carried out in venues that are within a respondents natural environment such as schools, offices, homes, etc. This allowed participants to be more at ease and be able to express their ideas freely (Dyamon and Holloway, 2002).Data GatheringThe data gathering will consist of secondary and primary data collections. Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund (1995) emphasized the importance of secondary data collection most especially through desk or library research. Secondary data collection normally includes data that were collected by another researcher or writer. It is often the case that they are lifted from books of recent publications, journals, magazines, newspapers and even trusted websites such as those of private organizations, non -government organizations, government organizations and the likes.The review of related literature will provide a scholarly perspective on the subject matter and at the same time made the researcher aware of both previous and contemporary research on the subject matter. For the purpose of this research, the author will be using scholarly journals and articles, books and magazines specifically focusing on the oil and gas industry and freight industry in the Middle East, most specifically Turkey. The scholarly literatures will be primarily taken from EBSCO Host, JSTOR and Questia Media America, an exclusive on-line library.For the primary data collection for quantitative data, the study will be conducting surveys among consumers, suppliers and general public using questions of ordinal measurement using Likert scales for General galvanising. Surveys include the process of using questionnaires with the aim of making an estimation of the perceptions of the subjects of the study. Surveys are considered wagesous because it could be utilize to study a huge number of subjects (Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). On the other hand, interviews will be conducted among selected GE shareholders regarding their perception on the role of the CEO and implementation of the companys CSR.Data Gathering Methods and their JustificationFor the purpose of this research, the researcher will be using self-administered questionnaires. Self-administered questionnaires often times offer a higher response rate and are also relatively cost effective (Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). Foremost of its advantage rests on the notion that the process of data gathering could be more personal and also the researcher will be able to clarify certain notions that could be unclear in the survey form. However, one distinct disadvantage of such a method is the difficulty of administrating the survey to multiple respondents all at the same time. In addition, the self-administered data gathering could be very time consuming as well.The research will also be conducting an interview in order to collect the qualitative data necessary for the research. Interviews are very relevant most specially in getting data that could be a rich source of information that surveys could not provide (Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). For the purpose of interviewing, various stakeholders from General Electric Corporation will be asked with regard to their perceptions of how GE should be employing its CSR, and their perceptions on the role of the CEO in terms of effectively implementing its CSR and the companys image.Questionnaire buildThe questionnaire design for the survey will be made in a detailed, precise and logical construction of close-ended questions. In addition with this, the questions will also be made in accordance with the research question and the objectives of the research (Oppenheim, 1992).The questions will be formulated using an ordinal scale and will be cl ose-ended in nature. Such is relevant so that respondents would only have to circle or check the designated number of their corresponding responses (Oppenhein, 1992). In addition to this, close-ended questions are very easy to answer and could enable the researcher create a summated value that could be use for data analysis.The questions that will be used in the interview will be tailored in such a manner that would directly answer concerns that are in accordance of the objectives of the study. The questions for the shareholders will be specifically created in a manner where there will be an broadcast flow of information and exchange of ideas. The details on how consumers, suppliers and general public wanted the company to act together with its policies and possible ethical practices will be included in the survey. In this respect, questions will be formulated with a closed-ended nature.SamplingFor the purpose of this research, the researcher will conduct a survey based on simple random sampling (SRS) which will include randomly choosing participants coming from consumers, suppliers and general public. On the other hand, the research will be employing purposive sampling methods in terms of choosing the stakeholders of General Electric who can participate in the study.Target PopulationAccording to Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund (1995) research should cater to a laughingstock population that has all the necessary information for the research such as sampling elements, sampling units, and area of coverage. For the purpose of this study, the author is trying to identify the role of consumers, suppliers and the general public. As such, the study will be asking 120 respondents to participate in the survey of which will primarily come from consumers and suppliers of General Electric as well as the general public who are concerned with General Electric and its operations.Reliability and ValidityThe studys reliability and hardihood go hand in hand as patterns of measurement are both dependent on the aforementioned (Zikmund, 1994). Reliability primarily focuses on the privileged consistency and the repeatability of the variables within the research. On the other hand, validity centers on the correctness and appropriateness of the question that one intends to measure (Ghauri, Gronhaug and Kristianslund, 1995). According to Chisnall (1997), validity is generally considered and established through the relationship of the instrument to the content, criterion or construct that it attempts to measure. A lack of validity can lead to incorrect conclusion.In order to concur sure that the instrument that will be used are reliable and valid, the researcher will assure that such is patterned based on the objectives of the study, the secondary data and also on the feedback that was given based on the pilot study that will be conducted.Analysis of DataData information garner from the surveys and interviews and secondary data from the other studies f ound will be used for the analysis that would answer the research question. Charts and comparisons of data will be used as analysis tools. Statistics used will be based on the survey results from the questionnaire made by the researcher. Statistical Products and Service Solutions (SPSS) will also be used to determine the stand of the respondents regarding a particular question formulated in the survey (Griego and Morgan, 2000, p. 2).ReferencesCarroll A. and Buchholtz A.K., (2003). Business and Society Ethics and StakeholderManagement, 5th ed. Mason, O. South-Western.Chisnall P. M., (1997). Marketing Research, 5ed., Berkshire McGraw-Hill.Woodruff H. (1995), go Marketing. London Pitman PublishingDaymon C. and Holloway I., (2002). Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relationsand Marketing Communications. London Routledge.Ghauri, P., Gronhaug, K. and Kristianslund, I., (1995). Research Methods InBusiness Studies A practicable Guide. Great Britain Prentice Hall.Griego O. and Morgan G. (2000). SPSS for Windows An Introduction to Use andInterpretation in Research. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Kassinis G. and Panayiotou, A. (2006). Perceptions Matter CEO Perceptions and Firm Environmental Performance. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, (23), p. 67.Mohr L.A. and Webb D. J., (2001). Do Consumers call Companies to Be SociallyResponsible? the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Buying Behavior. Journal of Consumer Affairs. (35) (1).OBrien, Gerard J. (1998) The Role of Implementation in Connectionist Explanation,Psychology, (9) 6, p.3.Oppenhein, A. N, (1992). Questionnaire Design Interviewing and Attitude Measurement.London Pinter.Parsons, Talcott (1954). Essays in Sociological Theory. Revised Edition. New York FreePress.PR News Wire (2008). Corporate Communications Officers in Worlds Most AdmiredCompanies Have Longer Tenures, Fewer Rivals and Report to the CEO New Study Underscores Critical and Evolving Role of the CCO - Forecasts CCOs Shifti ng Focus To Reputation, Social Responsibility and Social Media in 2008. Accessed in the PR News Wire Database.PR News (2007). Quick Study CEOs Bear Responsibility Customer Relations Is dysfunctional Social Media Invades. PR News. Potomac, (63), 9, p. 1PR News. (2006). Changing Face Of CSR New Trends Redefine Doing Well By DoingGood. PR News. Potomac, (62) 42, p. 1Sims, R., (2003). Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Why Giants Fall.Westport, CT Praeger.Tokoro N (2007). Stakeholders and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) A NewPerspective on the Structure of Relationships. Asian Business & Management, 6 (2), pp.143-162.Watts P. and Holme R. (1999). Meeting Changing Expectations Corporate SocialResponsibility Available http//www.wbcsd.org/publications/csrpub.htm accessed 5June 2008.Zikmund, G. W. (1994). Exploring Marketing Research. Dryden.

Contemporary management functions Essay

Contemporary anxiety functions reflect considerations of past management theories and aim to improve and strengthen employer-employee relationships as well as providing desirable working conditions for employees. Management functions argon functions which managers perform to effectively and efficiently coordinate the work of others. (Robbins, 2012). The functions consist of planning, organising, leading and controlling. The theories discussed in the article (1981) Hawthorne, the Myth of the Docile Worker, and configuration Bias in Psychology, Ameri stinkpot Psychologist, 36(8) pp. 867-878.By Bramel, D, an article written about the Hawthorne Research conducted between 1924-1933, which looked to identify the relation between non-homogeneous working conditions and productivity and output, highlight the need for contemporary management functions. The article addresses how integral a continuous strong and communicative relationship is between the employer and employees of a business and the unavoidableness of a strong and ethical organizational ending. Poor executions of the leading management function can reduce trust between employers and employees and create clientele dissatisfaction.In regards to the rapid mitigate in output in period 12, Bramel writes that Roethlisberger and Dickson (1939) stated that the workers were afraid that should their previous performance be maintained or improved in this period, remainder pauses might never again be reinstated. (Bramel, D. 1981). This is an example of a lack of communication between employer and employee, resulting in resistance from employees. Communication is a critical part of the organising management function communication is the transfer of understanding and meaning (Robbins, 2012).In the case study, understanding was clearly not transferred between managers and employees as disrespect employees being reassured this was only temporary prior to the exercise, the workers still believed that management w as really interested in how to squeeze the most out of them, instead than in making their working conditions better for them. (Bramel, D. 1981). The lack of understanding and meaning communicated between each party led to the reduced trust ultimately resulting in move total output. This is well summarised by Bramel If the workers had in fact ad the kind of trust in managements good intentions that Mayo claims, would they have show it necessary to resist the experimenters so actively in this period? The picture we get, instead, is of a group of rather wary workers engaged in a keep skirmish with management and determined not to be taken advantage of.Rather than become a part of the company team, they became a team of their own, rather coolly looking out for their own economic interests in an adversary relationship with management. (Bramel, D. 981). Bramel highlights the trust lacking in an adversary relationship with the workers management, who work as a team outside of the orga nisations best interests. (Bramel, D. 1981). The leading management function recognises that managers must be able to explain, call up and influence employees behaviour for success. Managers must be able to explain why employees engage in some behaviour, predict how employees will respond to various actions of the manager, and to influence how employees behave (Robbins, 2012).Job satisfaction is an employee attitude, which refers to an employees general attitude towards their job employees with high levels of job satisfaction have positive attitudes towards their jobs. Peoples behaviours, attitudes and actions are closely related. In the case of the Hawthorne Study, managers were unsuccessful in predicting how employees would respond to their actions and did not positively influence employees behaviour through their actions. Dissatisfied employees can result in workplace misbehaviour (Robbins, 2012). s witness in the case study where employees intentionally slowed down production t o spite the managers. Poor job satisfaction as a result of indisposed working conditions and a poor leading management function contributed to the fall in productivity. Weak management of employees reduces want and employee contentment.During period 12 of the experiment, productivity dropped significantly as a result to the removal of resting periods for the workers. Bramel writes that evidence revealed four of the five workers actually slowed down, and it was apparent that it was intentional. The workers were sooner consciously adopting a strategy in-tended to induce the experimenters to return quickly to the preferred conditions (Bramel, D. 1981). The evidence is clear that there was a direct correlation between the decrease in output and fall in motivation for the workers and the removal of rest pauses, as the output increased significantly for all five workers with the return of the rest pauses (Bramel, D. 1981). Motivation is a key part of the leading management function.It is the process by which a persons efforts are energised, directed and sustained towards attaining a goal. (Robbins, 2012). The manager must be supportive, they must, have mutual confidence and trust, help to maintain a good income, understanding of work problems and help in doing the job, accepted interest in personal problems. (Mullins, 2005). Managers must look to continually motivate and increase performance of employees through different processes such as rewards for performance, recognition and appraisal, demo care and concern, and using attainable goals. (Robbins, 2012).A strong organisational culture can harness and set the foundation for the four key management functions planning, organising, leading and controlling. A strong organisational culture provides lotd values that ensure that everyone in the organisation is on the same track (Robbins, 1996). Organisational culture offers a shared system of meaning, which forms the root word of communication and mutual understandi ng (Funrham and Gunter, 1993). Strong organisational cultures are strong in the leading management function, as employees are motivated through values they share with their colleagues.Organisational culture complements rational managerial tools by playing an indirect role in influencing behaviour (Martins and Terblanche, 2003). Hence it being important for a strong culture to plan, organise, lead and control processes with the agreement, cooperation and enthusiasm of employees, in order to avoid resistance and hostility. It can be seen through the study of several articles that contemporary management functions are integral for successful management.Via the study of the Hawthorne Study, the theories proposed have illuminated how imperative the proper conduction of the management functions are for firms. A strong organisation culture provides the cloth for managers to conduct the management functions by creating and sharing the values, which the functions will encompass through the firm. Contemporary management functions must be organising and leading via successful communication, understanding and motivation to be successful.

Robert Martinson

Indeed, the article written by Robert Martinson entitled What Works? Questions and Answers About Prison Reform has given more than controversy to the application of replenishment in relation to recidivism.The claims of the article written by the team of Martinson, which includes Dr. Doug Lipton as the senior author and Judith Wilks as the co-author, centered on the theme that at that place is no significant improvement with rehabilitation strategies. This has been widely accepted by both the Left and the Right and became popular as the vigour Works (Sarre 2).Both people and institutions have come to think that the findings provided that nothing works for the crime offenders be something that should be accepted and is a fact (Sarre 2). Thus, it is until direct that the claims of Martinson, despite two decades have passed is something that has been held by public agencies involved (Sarre 5).Despite the fact that people have already taken this fact with open arms, there are things which might have been left before Martinson and the authors could speak to clarify the findings tho. The conclusions may be of significance but to every research, there are limitations and problems that should be realized together with this. Indeed, the conclusions of Martinson that strategies of rehabilitation employed are not as effective would require a deeper understanding that it may be for a situation group of people and that the limitations would have to be considered for the conclusions rendered.It could be said that the phrase nothing works is not the conclusion that the authors would want to convey for their study. It is not in its entirety that they would want this to be the message. In fact, it is only a partial of this because as they mentioned with few and disjunct exceptions, the rehabilitative efforts that have been reported so further have had no appreciable effect on recidivism and our present strategies cannot overcome, or even appreciably reduce, the power ful tendencies of offenders to continue in criminal behavior (as qtd in Sarre 2). It is to be noted that there is the phrase few and isolated exceptions and our present strategies which would require some note that there is a hope that rehabilitation is reason to be still there, just have to be improved or searched.Before Martinson passed away, he claimed that the some treatment programs do have an effect and these are on individual psychotherapy, group counseling, intensive supervision, and what we have called individual/help (aid, advice, counseling) (as qtd in Sarre 4). This could be seen as a parallel point to the phrases few and isolated exceptions and our present strategies.A possible explanation that may be given for such is a phrase written by Sarre as the burial of rehabilitation as an aim of sentencing appears to have occurred before its death had even been announced (5). People have rushed into conclusions before the authors were given the chance to explain further the st udy or to conduct several researches more to confirm if this is for the general population.The negative picture associated with the criminal offenders would likewise give further strength to the ideas authorized by the population. The careful publication of researches should be made in the future should be observed and the constant challenge to ideas presented with a critical mind and eyeball should be maintained.Work CitedSarre, Rick. Beyond What Works? A 25 Year Jubilee Retrospective of Robert Martinson. Paper presented at the History of Crime, Policing and Punishment Conference convened by the Australian Institute of Criminology in conjunction with Charles Sturt University and held in Canberra, 9-10 December 1999. 8 April 2008 http//www.aic.gov.au/conferences/hcpp/sarre.pdf.

History of Ramayana

Ramayana is true, if you have read it you can easily make out that it just now cant be a mere work of imagination. All the incidents, places and events seems natural. Nothing seems to be false. When britishers captured India some 150 yrs. ago, they rumoured it to be false and then some britishers who didnt had any upstanding Hindu background just declared it to be a myth. Conclusion IT IS TRUE Religions Background of RamayanaHindu religious literature is the large body of tralatitious narratives related to Hinduism, notably as contained in Sanskrit literature, such as the Sanskrit epics and the Puranas. As such, it is a subset of Indian culture.Role in Hinduism The Ramayana is extremely popular. India nearly shut muckle when a dramatized series of the Ramayana appeared on television in the 1980s. Recitation of the Ramayana earns heavy(p) merit. Rama and Sita are seen as the ideal married couple. In North India, the Ramayana is acted out in the annual pageant Ram-Lila. It was a f avourite subject of Rajasthani and Pahari painters of the 17th and 18th centuries. Gandhi c in alled it the greatest book in the world. Tulsi Das, medieval author of the Hindi translation, said, Whenever I mean Ramas name, the desert of my heart blooms lush and green.Comparison between Iliad, & Ramayana -Ramayana A virtuous male monarch named Rama is banished to the forest, where he has many adventures, and then he rescues his wife Sita from the evil king of Sri Lanka with the help of his friends. -Homers The IliadThe gods of ancient Greece, most of whom were adopted by the ancient Romans, were generally described as human in form, unaging, nearly immune to all wounds and sickness, capable of becoming invisible, able to travel vast distances almost instantly, and able to speak through human beings with or without their knowledge. In Greek mythology, the gods were presented as a large, multi-generational family, the oldest members of which created the world as we know it. Each Gre co-Roman divinity has his or her own specific appearance, genaeology, interests, personality, and area of expertise, subject to significant local variants. When the gods were called upon in rime or prayer, they were referred to by a combination of their name and epithets, the latter serving to distinguish them from other gods. Theme of RamayanaThe age-old battle between virtue and frailness is the main radical of the Indian epic Ramayana. It is the life story and message of SreeRaaman, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu who took human form in this world to tame the wicked. This great literary and religious classic is a traditional mind cleanser even the touching of which is considered sacred. However, it is also a tale of the Aryan war race. In Indian history, the theme of Ramayana is the biography of king Sri Ramachandra is Called Ramayan. Ram is Sri Ramchandra and ayan means the story. The other theme of Ramayana is The good (Lord Rama) vanquishes the evil (Ravana). In India the fe stival, Dussehra is based on the central theme of Ramayana.

Marketing Channels Essay

Suppliers should not deal with intermediaries who argon more puissant than they are. Debate this statement. If a provider deals with strong intermediaries, they pull up stakes probably exercise power over him. As they are able to provide him with more utilities (value, benefits and satisfaction). However, if at that place are many strong distributors in the market offering similar packages of benefits and utilities.Then there will be no harm for a supplier to deal with a more powerful distributor or intermediary as they will no longer be so special and powerful since they know the supplier can switch to a any other intermediary anytime (they are easily replaced). Therefore, the level of dependence of the supplier on the intermediaries will be lower. Another way is to excel in logistics when dealing with downstream channel members. Therefore increasing their rewards for doing business with the supplier and becoming difficult to imitate.In turn, channel members make markets and are the faces of their producer to those markets. Question 4 We should not deal with powerful suppliers. They are sure to abuse us, after they use us. Debate this statement, often heard in the meeting rooms of distributors and sales agents. As the usual channel conflict is a zero sum gimpy where the gains of one party are the loss of the other. Many problems may arise between channel members till they actually r each(prenominal) a compromise where each party is satisfied and is able to see where he benefits from the relationship and cooperation.

Aristotle and John Stuart Mill on Happiness and Morality

Aristotle and John Stuart wedge on comfort and Morality In this paper I will argue that Aristotles conception of eudaemonia disproves hoagies utilitarian view that frolic is the greatest advantageously. The purpose of this paper is to contrast Aristotles and mill around views on the value of enjoyment and its link to morality. First I will describe Aristotles deterrent example of eudaimonia. Then I will present tarrys utilitarian views on triumph and morality. Lastly, I will provide a counterargument to Mills utilitarian ethical principles using the Aristotelian sit of eudaimonia.In this section I will explain Aristotles definition of eudaimonia and its relationship to happiness, morality and the virtues. Aristotle defines eudaimonia in the first book of the Nicomachean Ethics as virtuous activity in unity with power and that this is the highest good for piece beings. For Aristotle, eudaimonia can be translated into a humane living of stentorian since it occurs end -to-end a somebodys life. This lifelong happiness is complete and sufficient in itself, meaning that a individual lives it as an end in itself and not for anything else beyond it.An important aspect of r for each wizing our hold eudaimonia is to function well as human beings. Aristotle presents his concept of the human function by stating that what makes human function so distinct is not just to obtain nutrition and to grow because that aspect of life is sh ard with plants and it is as well not perception because that is something sh atomic human body 18d with animals. Our ultimate human function therefore is motive and not just reason alone notwithstanding to act in accordance to reason. Achieving excellence in human rational activity according to Aristotle is synonymous with leading a moral life.To lead a moral life is a state in which a person chooses to act in accordance to the right virtues. Aristotle, defines virtue asa mean mingled with two extremes (excess and defici ency). He argues that the mean is not necessarily the average or half way point, but rather changes in relation to each individual. For example, a person who just finished carry on needs more water after jogging than a person who was not jogging, so the mean between in any case much water and overly little water is different for the jogger and non-jogger.harmonize to Aristotle, it is very difficult to discover the mean, to discover the exact point between the two extremes that is best suited for you. As he says, there argon many ways to be defame and only one way to be correct. Aristotle explains that the choice of the mean is going to depend on what the virtuous persons reasoning is. As in the case of the jogger, he will fox just enough water to quench his thirst (deficiency) but wont drink too much that would result in water in water intoxication (excess).Aristotle focuses his moral theory on virtuous action and argues that virtue is necessary, but not sufficient for happines s. You need virtue to lead a happy life, but finally, virtue alone will not make you happy. What matters most is that you make a habit expose of choosing to act in accordance with the right virtues, which leads to a balance in ones life and ultimately leads you closer and closer to achieving your own eudaimonia. In this next section I will present Mills utilitarian views and the link between happiness and morality and how his views do not coincide with Aristotles eudaimonistic ideals.In chapter two of Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill introduces his concept of utility, also known as the superior Happiness Principle to hold that actions be right in proportion as they tend to bring up happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended joyousness, and the absence of bruise by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of enjoyment. In other words, Mill makes it certain that pleasure and freedom from pain are the only things desirable as goals a nd all things that we do is desirable because they produce pleasure or go on pain.Mill understood that it would be demeaning to humans to reduce life to pleasures as this would then put us at the same level as animals. Thus, he introduces the idea of higher and lower pleasures. The higher pleasures are those of a higher quality of that are determined by competent judges. This competent judge is someone who is acquainted with both(prenominal) the higher and lower quality pleasures. In regards to morality, Mill anchors its definition on the expound of the greatest happiness principle stated above.Unlike Aristotle who puts emphasis on the divisor (the person themselves) in regards to playing morally, Mill is very indifferent and states that the character of the person and their motives do not matter only the leaveoff of those actions matter. For Mill, the morality of the action only depends on whether that action will produce pleasure for greatest number of mass. As state bef ore, he explains that pleasure leads to happiness, and happiness is the ultimate goal of each individual. However, morality is the rules and precepts for human conduct, nd not simply the causes of human behavior. Desire may drive human actions, but that doesnt mean that relish should propel human actions. Morality is the ideal, not the reality. Because of his views on morality Mill would not maintain with Aristotle that the wholly ethical person will not be conflicted about his ethical choice. According to Mill a person could do the right thing, and act morally while also having the desire to do the wrong thing. To explain this, he gives the example of a rescuer who saves another person from drowning.He helps this person because it is morally right, regardless of being seen as a good Samaritan or if he wouldve been compensated for his actions. Mill would also disagree with Aristotles argument that it is determined whether or not someone led a eudaimonistic life only after this pe rson has died. Mill essentially believes in concrete happiness and believes that people should be happy while they are alive. Mill states that pleasures are get outs of our happiness and not an analysis means as Aristotle puts it.In this third section I will provide a counterargument to Mills utilitarian ethical principles using the Aristotelian model of eudaimonia. I firstly disagree with Mills idea that happiness is equated with pursuing acts that only lead to pleasure and avoiding those that decrease pleasure. I side completely with Aristotle in that he believes that the purpose of pleasures is to serve as side product of activity to perfect our activities. For example, for a mathematician to become an excellent mathematician he moldiness become very talented in doing mathematical activities but also must have the pleasure in doing this activity.I also side with him on his statement in Book Ten of the Nicomachean Ethics certain pleasures such as those of touch can lead us to be come servile and brutish and says that it attaches to us not in so far as we are men but in so far as we are animals. For example those who eat fare to the excess have slavish characters because they are choosing to eat past their bodily intake limit. I agree here with Aristotle that those persons who are destitute of self-control do not use their reason, take pleasures exceedingly, in the wrong way and in the wrong objects.Ultimately, in order to act virtuously a person must act rationally in a manner that is between the two extremes of deficiency and excess when it comes to matters of pleasure. Thus, pleasure should not be sought just for its own sake. In terms of moral actions, Mill arguments also seem to be flawed. He believes that the goodness of an action is based on whether or not it produced pleasure and happiness for the greatest number of people. There is little emphasis on the disposition and character of the agent performing the action.This idea seems illogical because then everyone would be acting without reason and doing things for the wrong intentions. As Aristotle says in Book One of the Nicomachean ethics, the man who does not rejoice in noble actions is not good the good man judges well in matters of the good and the noble. Here he is referring to the fact that a person who is not performing actions for the right intentions is not a good man at all. To explain this gain ground I will use the example of the drowning person.Aristotle would advise that I should save a drowning person because I have the positive and noble intention to do so and not because someone is going to pay me for helping them. I think Mills view on happiness and morality that pleasures should equate with happiness sounds like it would be ideal to live this type of life. However, this type of logic would not work up out in todays society. He tells us that in order to find out what kinds of pleasures are most valuable we should look to competent judges who seem to just know what are attended the offend higher pleasures because they have experienced both the higher and lower pleasures.As Aristotle states, however, not all pleasures are public to all men because not everyone is directed to the same things. What if their idea of a higher pleasure is to itch women on the streets? The problem with Mills argument then is that what this competent judge may consider to be a higher pleasure may actually be a lower pleasure and be very wrong about what they consider to be right. Aristotle would respond to Mills statement that happiness should be concrete by stating that happiness in Mills view seems to just be a fleeting experience.For example, if a person spends their whole life trying to figure out a cure for cancer it wont be determined whether this persons life work was meaningful only until we examine this persons life work. To conclude, I have stated both Aristotles and Mills arguments in relation to happiness and morality. Aristotles conclude tha t happiness (eudaimonia) is to have flourishing life in which actions are performed in accordance to virtuousness and reason.Mill, on the hand believes that pleasure is ultimately the greatest type of good and therefore is equated with happiness. I have argued that Aristotles concept of eudaimonia disproves Mills greatest happiness priniciple on the grounds that pleasure is only a small part of happiness and that the emphasis on living a happy life should be placed on the agent to habitually act in a rational and virtuous manner.

Philippine agenda reaction paper Essay

When our teacher told us that we go away be watching a video ab disclose political political sympathies in the Philippines, I thought that it would be about politics still. But as the videos ar playing, I pee-pee that it was to a greater extent than politics. It is an eye-opener non except for the disposal officials al star besides to all Filipinos. They made a living to open the eyes of the provokedidates for the election. It was made to let the government know the current condition of the Philippines with regards to the concern of the Filipinos.Filipino ag give the sackum EDUCATION (EDUKASYON)The video entitled Edukasyon was champion of the documentaries presented by Jessica Soho. The buck shows the job on procreation in our solid ground. M each students and teachers ar having a punishing time in studying and teaching because of the insufficient facilities in different public induces. This includes the insufficiency of chairs, tables, classrooms, chalkboard s, books, and numerous new(prenominal)s. Most teachers also read non undergone a proper training.Well, what they fork out documented is very true because I too came from a public rail. And our school was also lining that kind of problem before. Though in my time, our school has improved a miniature bit. All of us had been portion outn the privilege to pay a book in different subjects one by one. We also afford chairs to sit and tables to write on. Our chalkboard also is big nice, though whatever of it has a hole already.But our neighboring school was facing al well-nigh the same fate as the schools inMasbate, as what the film documented. They have broken chalkboards, non plentiful classrooms, chairs, tables and books. Their teacher would go to our school to borrow a couple of books for them to use.There were also some privilege schools in our place who was include in the feeding program of the government. Our elementary school was included. The selected students who were malnourish were being feed every good afternoon by the teachers and some of the p bents. And after the feeding program, at that place is a nonher program which is the giving of rice, noodles, and apprisened goods for the students. severally students was precondition one kilo of rice, some noodles and canned goods. But the program did non last long.The film helps me realize the great problem that our unsophisticated is facing today with regards to the education for every Filipinos. And I am thankful that I was given the opportunity to have a reform education. I also felt up pity on the students who be having a hard time in getting the education that they valued and at the same encouraged to pursue much on my studies to help those who be in need. fairish like the students who were showed in the film, until now though their fate in acquiring education is non as good as mine, but they still pursue their goals to finish their education to have a better future.Thes e problems in our education today can be solved by giving more silver for education to build enough classrooms, chairs, tables, chalkboards, and other facilities for the students, publish more books, and support the teachers for their training in arrangement for them to enhance their skills in teaching and to help the students to be more productive in their studies.Filipino schedule HEALTH (KALUSUGAN)Health is wealthiness. Indeed, health is the true wealth of our nation. But as I watched the film kalusugan reported by Arnold Clavio, I assemble out the reason why our country is at the layabout of the list when it comes to the richest country. Because even the citizens here in our own nation have suffered from malnutrition. And how can they call our country rich when they have non taken care of the citizen which is the inheritance of our country?Just like the citizens on one of the place in Mindanao. Each children have a disease and are malnourished because thither are no one w ho can monitor their health. It would take four to five hours to walk whole to get to a hospital. And what do they get when they arrived at that place? Only paracetamols good for ten people. How can that recuperate there diseases when that is the only medicine that is free? Every other medicine has high price which they cannot succumb to buy.There are more other places in the Philippines which was not visited by a single medico. The government essential make a move on reaching those citizens who have not yet been check up on on their health status. They must act so that there will no more citizen in the Philippines who will die because of lack of food and health check support.Also, there are many places here in our country who are lacking facilities and medicines for the hospitals. Just like here in Bacolod and in Manila. The family of the patient must be the one who will provide a bed for their patient because there are no more vacant room. And there are many patients wh o have not given any medical attention thats why some of them skillful died in the corner of the hospital.And there are many places also who do not have any hospital or health centers at all. The house on that place was the one who built a health center. And the medicines they are having are just the familiar medicine for fever, cough, and other common diseases. They only have one nurse who also became a doctor and a midwife.How can the government take care of the citizens when they let the doctors and nurses flee to another country? They must take care also the needs of the doctors and nurses so that they will not flee from our country. There are budgets given for the health of the people but where did the money go? What do they spend the money for? If they would have spent it wisely for the specific exercise of that money, our country and the people would not be suffering from lack of food and medical support. Each citizen must have been given a good service, maybe not given all that they need, but given justenough to make them feel that the government was not aban wear downing them.The government officials are educated people who knows how to manage a money and to spend it wisely for the specific purpose of that money. They must stop their corruption because instead of them helping the problems of our country, they were the one qualification it worst. If only they essay they cries of the family who lost their loved ones because of lack of support from the government. And they must act so that situations like these would not ring again and again.All I can do now is to take care of myself and my love ones. devour the right kind of food to avoid being hospitalized. And help those who are in need of my service. Philippine AGENDA CORRUPTION (KATIWALIAN)One of the major reasons why our country are suffering from different problems is because of corruption. blush the educated people, like the government officials, are blinded when it comes to money. Thei r knowledge and discipline were gone when money was in front of them. Thus leads to corruption.Our country is facing some serious problems today like lack of function for the citizens. And they said that they have given a solution by giving a budget to that particular proposition problem. But the question is, where is the budget now? Do the budgets int stop for that problem really made a change? Or they just say that there is a budget to calm the people crush but not used all of it for the specific purpose intended in that budget? take down the craftals who are educated, have learned the proper attitude, and knows the right discipline can be like a dump somebody who knows nothing when money is in front of them. They can be bought by just one to three numbers with many zeros on it. And if you think that zero is nothing, well, of put it behind a certain number, then that would change its value. It would not be nothing anymore. It would be something that can bought a vivification, curiously when there are many zeros that are involve in that particularnumber. It can either give or free lives, get or bought lives and change lives.Money have that kind of power in our world nowadays. It can make the powerful man even more powerful and it can smash life. It can make a simple man be a powerful man or a criminal. And people can be crazy when it comes to money. But it can also change the life of a single person and the status of a certain country. It can be an instrument to expose things but it can also be used to save and change everything. If it is used in a proper and good way, then it can change our lives forever.If only the government would discipline not only the citizens but also themselves, our country would be a better place to bewilder. It would be harmonious and the citizens would not go to other countries to serve other people just to provide the needs of their families. They would just stay here and serve our fellow Filipinos who needed their servic e. And if they only use the money intended for that specific purpose and not for their own, there will be less(prenominal) problems that our country would be facing today. And the problems that we are facing will be slowly but effectively be solved. And if there will be less problem, then our country will be a prosperous and harmonious one. And it would be included on the list of the richest country in the world.PHILIPPINE AGENDA HOUSING (PABAHAY)One of the basic needs of a person is shelter. A good, nice and warm shelter or house for him to be protected from any cold, rain and sunshine. It is also a private place where a man can spend an alone and bonding time for his family. But how can a man be protected from cold and have a family time if he is sleeping under a bridge, in the street or in a homesteaders area where he is sharing his house with four more families?That is what intimately of the people in the cities where suffering. Most of them left the country, sold their belongi ngs, and transferring to the urban center to find work. But because of the overpopulation in the city and they did not found any good work, they end up living under a bridge, on the street, and in a homesteaders area, sharing their shelter with two or more families. Andbecause they cannot go back to the country because they have no more belongings there, some of them have begun a family in city.The government had implemented a housing program and relocation sites. Some of it were already been built. But there are quandaries in the given solution of the said problem. Some have no electricity, the water is not clean, the location is not very suitable and comfortable, and is far from the city because there are no more sites available near the city. And some also are not finished. The government must give more budget for the housing of the citizens who are living under a bridge and in a squatters area.There are also some citizen who lost their home because of the natural calamities th at struck the country. And many families are still suffering until now because of the slow action of the government. And the one that they have built for the families who were the primary victims of the natural disaster had been broken again by the following typhoon that pass the country. They were providing a shelter for the victims but it was not good and long lasting because of the lack of budget for that project.And the governments point of beguile is that the shortcomings are not all their fault. There are also people who lacks discipline. They sold their lands in the country, which was given by the government, and migrated to the city thinking that they will find fortune and good life there. Well, I dont blame the government for that because it is true. They think that by living their comfort zone in the country and moving to the city would be a better idea. Some of them had found luck in the city but luck is just luck. And intimately of them did not found good luck. They f ound misfortune and ended up living and having a family under a bridge, on the street and in a squatters area.Their luck had run out. And because they did not found any good prank and they cannot plant vegetables and other nutritious foods in the place where they live, they end up picking some left overs in the drivel and looking and selling scrap for them to make money to buy food to put on their weed. And because of this, malnutrition takes place.PHILIPPINE AGENDA HUNGER (GUTOM)When I was watching the video entitled gutom, I realized that I am lucky I am eating nutritious foods three quantify a day. There are many people out there who are starved and having a hard time in getting food. They were just eating the left-overs that are found in the trash bins. And they felt contented if they can eat even just one meal a day. And the worst part is, they have so many children. I am always wondering why do they made many children when they themselves are having a hard time in finding food for their own. How can they find food that is enough for them to eat if they have so many kids?Just like one of the family that was shown in the film which had 12 kids. And the mother is still caring a life inside her tummy. She was still pregnant even if they already had many kids. And the result is malnutrition because the children have not eaten the right kind of food and the right amount of vitamins and minerals that are needed in their body. It was hard for them to get nutritious foods because the foods that are prepared on their table is not enough to make their tummy full. And the baby inside the mothers womb is also malnourished because the food that the mother had eaten is not nutritious enough to make the baby inside of her become healthy. So, even if the baby have not yet been born, it was already malnourished.If only they have planned well in making a family, they would not having a hard time finding food to feed their children because they only have fewer mouths to feed. And they can also eat nutritious foods three times a day.It is severe to know that there are Filipinos who are starving and have not eaten foods with the right nutrition. While there are many officials who are just expanding their riches and wasting their money instead of helping the Filipinos who are in need and giving them the right service. They are just having a good time with their money, disbursal it for their own good, not thinking that there are many children who are dying because of hunger and thirst. They did not consider the fact that even thesmall amount of their wealth is enough to save a persons life from dying of hunger.But this concern is not for the officials but also for the Filipinos who have so much wealth. Some of them are not officials but they are business men who are making wealth but not helping their fellow Filipinos. They must open their hearts to share their wealth and help those who are in need. Even a small act of kindness can save a persons li fe.I felt pity on the people who are starving and I cannot even help them on my own. All I can do for now is not to waste anything-food, money, time and many others, and helping others who are in need if I have anything that can help them. And most of all, open my heart and mind to my fellow Filipinos who are in need of my help.PHLIPPINE AGENDA WORK (TRABAHO)Work is essential to every person to earn money and to buy things we need in our every life. Money is needed in every manner to survive. And we cannot have money without working, either in a simple way or a hard way, in a good or bad way. But it is better to earn money in either simple or hard way but in a good way.But here in our own country, most of the citizen dont have a good job and some of them really did not found a job. How can they provide money for the needs of their family when they dont have any job at all? Some of them are being kicked out from the company they are working and others are forced to leave because of s ome reasons, it could be that their performance is not good enough, the company is reducing some workers, the wages are not enough or the company is closing. Because of the technology in our time now, most of the work are being done by machines. Instead of manually doing the work, the company are hiring more machines than hiring actual human to do the job because machines can do the job two to three times faster than humans. That is why they are losing more workers even if their work is getting bigger and faster. The only one who will remain in that company is operator of the machines and other important people who are unspoilt in that field of thework.And I cannot blame the Filipinos for going out from our own country and work in other countries because the government cannot provide them a good salary that can provide the needs of their family. They have to look for another job in other countries in order for their family to survive and to have a better life. They have finished a professional course here in our country but the salary is the major reason why they leave the country. But not all who go out from our country have found good fortune. And that is not the fault of the government. The citizens are also to be blasted because of lack of discipline. They just wanted to go out of the Philippines and paid a lot of money to a company who are hiring Filipinos to work for abroad, not inquiring if that company is a legal company, thus end up in a work they were not expecting to have in that particular country. And instead of practicing their profession in the place, they end up being a domestic helper, laborer, babysitter, housemaid, and many other work that is not related to their profession.Some got lucky and had a good boss but some of them were being mistreat by their boss and the owner of the house because of several reasons. They are lacking good skills, their performance in that work was not good enough, their boss is just so strict and abusive, and t hey were being forced to do things not according to their will and their contract. And some ended up being imprisoned, bullied by the person they work at, and the worst of all is being sentenced to death. Some of them are being hanged and others are being executed through and through the way they execute a person in that particular country. Some Filipinos also did not go out of our country but did not found a descent work. Thus end up in finding an illegal job like stealing, selling illegal drugs and other illegal products.Others also have become a holdaper and a killer just to have money to provide for their family to survive. They are lacking skills that is why there are no company hires them. These events can be avoided if only the government will not let anyone who go out of the country without a proper training and have undergone a proper procedure to ensure the work they are working in that particular country. And the Filipinos will not go out from our country if the work here in our own country gives enough wages to keep their family from being hungry. If the wages here in our country is enough to let the tummy of the workers family be full every day, then we would not be having a problem in giving service to the citizens in places whereservices are highly needed, just like in a hospital, schools and other public service company.